ABO Blood Group System


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

ABO Blood Group System

  • It was reported by Karl Landsteiner. It is based on the presence or absence of antigen A or antigen B on the surface of RBC.
  • People with blood group A have the antigen A on the surface of their RBC and have antibodies against antigen B in their plasma. While in the people having blood group B, the case is just vice-versa to blood group.
  • Apart from both these blood groups (i.e., A and B) people with blood group AB have both antigen A and B on their RBCs surface and no antibodies for either of the antigens in their plasma.
  • A, B and O blood groups were discovered by Landsteiner (1900). Blood group AB was discovered by the Castello and Steini (1902).
  • In people with blood group O, both antigen A and B are not present on their RBCs but they have antibodies against the plasma. This distribution of antigens and antibodies in the four blood groups (A, B, AB and O). These can be well-explained through the table given below :-
  • Blood Groups and Donor Compatibility

    Blood Group Antigens on RBCs Antibodies in Plasma Donor's Group
    A A Anti - B A, O
    B B Anti - A B, O
    AB A, B Nil AB, A, B, O
    O Nil Anti-A, B O

                                                       

                                                  

     

     

     
     
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